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Intel 80386

Intel 80386

The Intel 80386 processor was launched in October 1985.It is 32-bit microprocessor it had 275000 transistors, and operating systems that used virtual memory was easier to implement. But production of this processor for the market only started in June 1986 at that time the motherboards for this processor was costly and complex, only after when this processor was popular for the market then significant amount of compatible motherboards were also manufactured. Compaq manufactured the first Personal Computer using Intel 80386 CPU and marked its main components as IBM compatible standard. 

Key Innovations

  1. 32-bit Architecture

    • Full support for 32-bit registers, instructions, and memory addressing.

    • Could directly address 4 GB of RAM — a huge leap from the 16 MB limit of the 80286.

  2. Virtual Memory Support

    • Introduced hardware support for virtual memory and paging, enabling multitasking and modern OS design.

    • Allowed operating systems to isolate and protect memory spaces for different programs.

  3. Protected Mode

    • Improved from 80286’s version, enabling access to full system memory and hardware-level multitasking.

    • Used by modern OSes (e.g., Windows NT, Unix-based systems).

  4. Backward Compatibility

    • Could run 16-bit real-mode software from 8086/80286 processors.

    • This allowed support for older DOS applications while enabling transition to modern 32-bit systems.

Impact on Operating Systems

  • Enabled the development of more powerful and secure operating systems like:

    • Windows 3.0 and later

    • Linux

    • OS/2

  • Served as the base architecture for IA-32, which remained dominant for decades.

Versions and Variants

  • 80386DX: Full 32-bit version.

  • 80386SX: A cost-reduced version with a 16-bit data bus (used in budget systems).

  • 80386SL: Low-power variant for laptops.








  
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