Information Technology

Software In the past when mechanical computer was evolving, many inventers had simple idea of machine proramming for calculation, similar way Jacquards loom was invented in which wooden punched cards were used the punched cards consisted holes in different parts of the card which makes the pattern in the fabrics so, clearly holed and unholed parts in the card makes logic because it directs the incoming tasks according to the logic which makes the desired patterns. This technique or code is known as Software.  In electronic computing, a software is an information written in a computer which accepts the required data and it is then processed manually or automatically to give desired output.  By Microsoft Corporation, MIT, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77151614  

Tabulating Machine Herman Hollarith was an American engineer and was working in American sensus department. He invented final Punched card Tabulating Machine in 1887. Experts estimated that calculation for the record of sensus of US in 1890 may take 13 years to complete but by the help of Tabulating Machine it was finished ahead of the estimated time and was low cost. It was an electrical Tabulating Machine which had a punched card reader and could sort datas and it had a keyboard as well where a person can manually enter the data. In 1896-1911 Herman Hollarith formed a company named Tabulating Machine Company and these machines were used to count the population of different of Europe.   By Adam Schuster - Flickr: Proto IBM, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13310425 By Unknown author - Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/resource/mcc.023/?sp=8, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30538485

DEC Alpha  It was another company which brought 64-bit processor named Alpha in the year 1991.This processor is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture. DEC built this against DEC's 32-bit Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) VAX. DEC Alpha processors powered a range of workstations and servers, including the DEC 3000 AXP, AlphaStation, and AlphaServer.DEC also used Alpha processors in high-end systems like the Cray Research's Cray T3D supercomputer.Cray Research utilized the Alpha 21064 processor in its Cray T3D supercomputer. So it showed a trend to include Alpha microprocessors in mid-to-upper-scale lineup. EV-4 was the first Alpha CPU which had 200Mhz of operating frequency or the clock cycle, with integer and floating point units 8KB I and 8KB D cache and had 1.7 million transistors. Operating systems compatible with Alpha were OpenVMS, True64 UNIX, Linux, Unix and using a 32-bit emulation layer Windows NT was also used and was stopped aft...

X86_64 X86_64 is the 64-bit desktop processor which was first introduced by AMD                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...

Intel 80386 The Intel 80386 processor was launched in October 1985.It is 32-bit microprocessor it had 275000 transistors, and operating systems that used virtual memory was easier to implement. But production of this processor for the market only started in June 1986 at that time the motherboards for this processor was costly and complex, only after when this processor was popular for the market then significant amount of compatible motherboards were also manufactured. Compaq manufactured the first Personal Computer using Intel 80386 CPU and marked its main components as IBM compatible standard.  Key Innovations 32-bit Architecture Full support for 32-bit registers, instructions, and memory addressing. Could directly address 4 GB of RAM — a huge leap from the 16 MB limit of the 80286. Virtual Memory Support Introduced hardware support for virtual memory and paging , enabling multitasking and modern OS design. Allowed operating systems to...